Fig. 1: Reconstruction of the intensity information for 100 nm PSL particles in the aerosol phase.

a Raw hologram recorded for airborne PSL particles; b background hologram recorded without PSL particles; c contrast hologram obtained after subtracting the background hologram from the raw hologram. d Zoomed-in area of c1 at z = 3109 µm. e Particles in focus from d. f Zoomed-in area of e showing the precise recovery of nanosized PSL particles and their shape. g, h Phase reconstruction of PSL particles. The line across the numbers 1 and 2 in f and h shows the crosscut across the particles. i, j The phase profile of the PSL particle crosscut. k, l The intensity profile of PSL particles across the particle crosscut. m, n The size distribution of airborne PSL particle (aerosols) measured by the SMPS and the OPS, respectively. The red dashed line and the black line correspond to the two repeats of the experiments. The Blue dotted line is a Gaussian peak fit for the data. The validation of the holographic reconstruction of 100 nm PSL particles was compared with S/TEM images in Fig. 4. The 4D dynamic trajectories of the particles are provided in Supplementary Movies 1 and Supplementary Movies 2. The background holograms recorded for zero air and particle concentration tested by the SMPS and the OPS are shown in Supplementary Fig. S3.