Fig. 2: In-situ Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) on the water surface.
From: On-water surface synthesis of electronically coupled 2D polyimide-MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure

a Illustration of the experimental setup for in-situ GIXD directly on the water surface. b Surface pressure area- isotherm of M1. c–g Surface-pressure dependent GIXD measurements of M1 on the water surface. h Schematic depicting the pre-assembled tilted orientation of M1 relative to the water surface. i, j Surface pressure-area isotherm after injecting M2 into the water sub-phase, showing the face-on orientation of 2DPI on the water surface.