Fig. 1: The MOCECA strategy for customized synthesis of ganglioside analogs and glycosylsphingosine intermediates.

a, The complete structurally controllable assembly routes and various catalytic modules of MOCECA. Sphingosine analogs produced by chemical synthesis and glycosylsphingosine analogs synthesized by enzymatic transglycosylation needs to be purified for the next reaction. b, MOCECA-synthesized gangliosides and glycosylsphingosine intermediates with different glycosyl groups. c, MOCECA-synthesized GM1 analogs with different ceramides.