Table 2 Mechanical properties at different compression strains
From: Effects of multi-functional additives during foam extrusion of wheat gluten materials
Samples | σy10%1 (kPa) | σ10%2 (kPa) | σ30% (kPa) | σ50% (kPa) | E10%3 (MPa) | E30% (MPa) | E50% (MPa) | Af10%4 (%) | Af30% (%) | Af50% (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WG/G | 52±24bc | 259 ± 34c | 727 ± 44d | 1675 ± 64e | 4.1 ± 1.7d | 3.6 ± 0.6d | 0.04 ± 0.02b | 84.8 ± 0.2bc | 87.1 ± 0.7b | 87.1 ± 0.8b |
WG/G/ABC | 18 ± 9a | 108 ± 8b | 308 ± 26b | 721 ± 102b | 0.78 ± 0.33a | 0.28 ± 0.01a | 0.02 ± 0.01b | 83.3 ± 1.6abc | 85.2 ± 0.7a | 87.5 ± 0.5b |
WG/G/ABC/1GA | 17 ± 8a | 120 ± 24b | 355±92bc | 1323±709abcd | 0.35 ± 0.32a | 0.31 ± 0.29a | 0.04 ± 0.01b | 82.4 ± 0.7a | 85.5 ± 0.8a | 88.3 ± 1.5b |
WG/G/ABC/5GA | 63 ± 2c | 221 ± 8c | 583 ± 50c | 1292 ± 152c | 4.1 ± 0.5d | 3.2 ± 0.1d | 0.008 ± 0.001a | 87.3 ± 0.1d | 90.2 + ± 0.1d | 92.5 + ± 0.4d |
WG/G/ABC/1CA | 30±8ab | 109 ± 13b | 314 ± 5b | 723 ± 25b | 2.0 ± 0.5bc | 1.7 ± 0.3c | 0.02 ± 0.01b | 81.4 ± 0.5a | 84.7 ± 0.1a | 86.6 ± 0.1ab |
WG/G/ABC/5CA | 20 ± 5a | 72 ± 16a | 216 ± 14a | 534 ± 82a | 1.4 ± 0.2b | 1.0 ± 0.1b | 0.11 ± 0.05c | 83.4 ± 0.7b | 84.7 ± 0.7a | 84.2 ± 1.2a |
WG/G/ABC/1GNP | 60 ± 2c | 192 ± 38c | 530 ± 105c | 1212 ± 238d | 4.4 ± 0.3d | 6.7 ± 0.7e | 0.19 ± 0.10c | 84.2 ± 0.5bc | 87.3 ± 0.1b | 89.1 ± 1.2bc |
WG/G/ABC/5GNP | 30 ± 3b | 96±10ab | 319 ± 3b | 902 ± 60c | 2.0 ± 0.1c | 3.4 ± 0.6d | 0.23 ± 0.19c | 85.0 ± 0.4c | 87.9 ± 0.1c | 90.4 ± 0.2c |