Fig. 1: Biological redox reactions in response to changes in Ca2+ concentration.

a Action of enzyme (left) and an artificial enzyme-like catalyst (right) regulated by an allosteric effector. b Crosstalk between Ca2+-triggered allosteric S–S- or Se–Se-catalyst and redox imbalance induced by abnormal fluctuation of the Ca2+ concentration. c Model bio-related redox reactions (I–III) up- and downregulated by Ca2+-triggered catalysts.