Fig. 4: Dependence of modal probability passage on evolution-time constant T.

Modal probability P_G (gain mode) and P_L (loss mode) curves (solid and dashed curves, respectively) at different evolution-time constant T as a function of passage time t. Encircling-direction and initial-state conditions for each panel are (a) anticlockwise encircling from |ψ(0)〉 = |s〉, (b) clockwise encircling from |ψ(0)〉 = |a〉, (c) clockwise encircling from |ψ(0)〉 = |s〉, and (d) anticlockwise encircling from | ψ(0)〉 = a〉. Color scheme for curves for different T is identical to that in Fig. 3. The probability curves are inferred by bi-orthogonal inner product P_G = |〈ϕ_G^*|ψ〉|² and P_L = |〈ϕ_L^*|ψ〉|² with experimentally obtained dynamic state |ψ〉. |ϕ_G〉 and |ϕ_L〉 denote the gain and loss modes, respectively.