Fig. 7: Aspiration-assisted freeform bioprinting of osteogenic tissues in a yield-stress gel.
From: Aspiration-assisted freeform bioprinting of pre-fabricated tissue spheroids in a yield-stress gel
Time-lapse images of green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids and their immunostaining (Hoechst in blue and OSTERIX in red) and hematoxylin and eosin staining for bioprinted bone tissue using a Strategy I, b Strategy II, and c Strategy III. In Strategy I, the original shape could not be conserved due to compaction, whereas in Strategies II and III, the triangle shape was well preserved. d OSTERIX, COL-1, BSP, and BMP-4 gene expressions of 3D bioprinted bone tissues cultured using different strategies (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001). Constructs in Strategy III exhibited the highest expression level for all genes—23.5- and 5.2-fold increase for OSTERIX, 7.9- and 1.2-fold increase for COL-1, 5.2- and 2-fold increase for BSP, and 5.5- and 2-fold increase for BMP-4, respectively, compared to Strategies I and II. Error bars have been plotted as mean ± standard deviation.
