Fig. 4: Estimations of surface energy and viscosity coefficients from the dynamic responses.

The exponential trend of dissipated energy clearly depicts a changing viscoelastic behavior as a function of strain rate. Error bars of the energy estimations from the experimental data are in the order of 1%. Error bars are computed from the standard deviations of individual measurands used to compute the energy estimates. The shaded area represents the 95% confidence band of the data fits. The estimated surface energy: \(\gamma _{el}\) and viscosity coefficient: \(\eta\) indicate an intrinsic strength in the order of kPa for DxO and MxD on mGO systems at the operational fixed perturbation rates \(\sim\)302 and 309 kHz, respectively. This is a relevant scale for biomolecules and tissues behaving like metallic glass^32,62. MxD being a smaller molecule is expected to reflect a higher intrinsic strength at a comparable perturbation rate. Comparatively for mGO results indicate an intrinsic strength in the order of MPa that matches well to the previous literature⁶³. Note: for mGO elastic deformation acts against the change in surface energy and thus the x-axis scale needs to be reversed in sign to correctly estimate as to the positive slope of the fitting line.