Fig. 1: Schematics of the discrete system.
From: Emergence of lanes and turbulent-like motion in active spinner fluid
a Illustration of spinners confined to a plane. Blue and yellow color corresponds to clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotation. The axis of rotation for each spinner is shown as gray vertical line oriented in the z-direction. b The Quincke effect is an electrohydrodynamic instability that gives rise to a torque on a dielectric particle in a uniform DC (direct current) electric field94 if the free-charge polarization is antiparallel to the applied field. Above a critical field strength E > EQ rotation about an axis in the plane perpendicular to the electric field (Ω ⋅ E = 0, where Ω is the individual spinner angular velocity) is generated by the misaligned induced dipole of the particle, P. The direction of rotation can be either CW or CCW, depending on the initial perturbation in the dipole direction.
