Fig. 1: Temperature change caused by the Peltier effect with periodic modulation.
From: Reverse heat flow with Peltier-induced thermoinductive effect
a Schematic of changes in temperature of the material. By applying an ac current, Peltier heating and cooling are generated at the edge of the sample and the thermal oscillation propagates in the material as a thermal wave. The direction of the wave is changed by reversing the polarity of the ac current. l and x are the length of the sample and the position in the sample, respectively. b Calculation results of the temperature rise caused by the Peltier effect with periodic modulation at the edge of the sample as a function of relative position in the sample 2x/l and time in the case of the characteristic dimensionless parameter F = 1. Here, F is the product of the thermal time constant of the sample and the current frequency (F ≡ l/2)2f/2α, where f and α are the current frequency and the thermal diffusivity of the sample, respectively. The vertical axis is normalized by the value at the edge, 2x/l = −1.
