Fig. 4: Chaotic synchronization bombs.

a Example of synchronization curves for several values of M and λ. It is observed that a hysteresis cycle appears when M > 1 and that lower (higher) values of λ translate into wider (more narrow) cycles and less (more) abrupt transitions. b Synchronization phase-space, depending on p and M for a fixed λ = 0.02. Results are qualitatively similar to the ones found in Fig. 3b, although here the transitions are less abrupt and narrower than in the Kuramoto case, and the birth of hysteresis occurs for lower sampling (lower M). c Evolution of the oscillators trajectories in the Rössler attractor for M = 10 and λ = 0.02 at two different p-steps, before and d after the forward synchronization transition. The color bar corresponds to the frequency of the oscillator relative to the mean. Equation (8) is numerically integrated using Heun’s method, with dt = 0.05 and 10³ time steps and temporal averages of r are taken at every 5 link changes.