Fig. 4: Histogram of cations (H⁺ and Li⁺) released from the trap.

A matrix (\(\sim \,\) µm) was grown over 20 s with 40 ablation pulses. The sublimation heat pulse started at t = 0 resulting in absorption signal of Li atoms from t\(\sim\)4.5 – 8 ms. An extra ablation pulse is given at t = 6140 µs and E2 rose to 5 V from 6200 to 6250 µs closing the trap between E2–E5. The potential well was later compressed, confining particles between E2–E4 and E4 was brought to 1 V. The histogram (in blue) from the final slow linear dump (from 8000 to 10500 µs) of E4 from 1 V is shown above in solid black. The inset shows the time distribution mapped into an energy distribution with the counts after the ramp down being incorporated in the first bin (0–25 meV). The data represent an accumulation of 5 experimental runs.