Fig. 5: Parametric study in a field-ionized gold target.
Temporal evolution of E*/γ (left scale) evaluated at (r, ξ) = (1.6σr, 0), and the corresponding χ value for a beam energy of 10 GeV (right scale), for β = 0.2 (a), β = 1 (b) and β = 5 (c). Different values of α correspond to different beam densities nb,peak, and here the definition α = nb,peak/(60np,1) is used for simplicity. Each curve corresponds to a separate PIC simulation.
