Fig. 5: Total energy determination for different arrangement of nanobars via micromagnetic simulations.

Simulated magnetization directions (black arrows and color wheel) for representative connected and disconnected bars on Penrose (a)–(d) P2 and (e)–(h) P3 tilings. The total energies in units of 10−16 J are (a) 1.01, (b) 1.85, (c) 1.20, (d) 1.30, (e) 0.83, (f) 1.51, (g) 0.96, and (h) 1.03, respectively. The values Q depicted in the graphs indicate the total charge of the respective input magnetization configuration.