Fig. 5: Measured results of vortex acoustic field generated by transducer at different radius of curvature.
From: Active acoustic field modulation of ultrasonic transducers with flexible composites

a The assembly process of the flexible piezoelectric composite material (FPCM) transducer for the formation of the vortex acoustic field: the different vertical offset (H) values is 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm. b Results of the acoustic field test in xz-plane. c The measured results of the acoustic field in the xy-plane at the position marked by the white dashed line in (b) are shown. d Quantification of acoustic field characteristics in terms of phase and amplitude distribution of the acoustic field: the blue dash and red dotted line represent the experimental measurement and theoretical value of the phase distribution; the purple dotted line represents the experimental measurement of amplitude distribution and the orange curve is the fitting results.