Fig. 3: Relationship between cycles and semicycles.
From: Polarization and multiscale structural balance in signed networks
a Symmetric (reciprocated) dyads generate two (semi)cycles. b Asymmetric dyads generate no (semi)cycles, since a semicycle of the form i − j − i would have to cross the directed i → j link twice. c An example of the connection between directed cycles and semicycles in signed networks. A single directed triad can generate several different balanced and unbalanced 2- and 3-semicycles (which here are marked with two-way arrows). Positive ties are blue and negative red and dashed.
