Fig. 5: The inverse problem: retrieving the nonlinear response from the topological harmonic properties. | Communications Physics

Fig. 5: The inverse problem: retrieving the nonlinear response from the topological harmonic properties.

From: Topological high-harmonic spectroscopy

Fig. 5

Harmonic far-field from our simplified model and its reconstruction using a topological cluster of vortices. a Intensity profile of the left circularly polarized (LCP) component of the 9th harmonic from single-layer graphene driven by a \({{{{{{{\mathcal{P}}}}}}}}=1\) LPVB, obtained from the analytical far-field model, given by Eq. (4). The resulting far-field profile can be decomposed into a topological cluster of vortices with ℓ = 1 and radius a0, as depicted by the red lines in (b): a central vortex and a necklace of radius r1 = 4.1a0 composed of Nℓ = 6 vortices. The excellent agreement of the resulting far-field intensity profile reconstructed from the topological cluster in (b), given by Eq. (8), compared to (a) and Fig. 2a, demonstrates the working principle of topological harmonic spectroscopy.

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