Fig. 3: Pancharatnam-Berry phase distribution diagram.

a The profile of writing PB phases and coupled PB phases. b The phase gradient levels at the edge of the PB lenses for the designed wavelengths of 396.8, 632.8, and 1064 nm. For 396.8, 632.8, and 1064 nm wavelengths, the phase curves for the three wavelengths are denoted by red line, pink line, and blue line, respectively; and their phase gradients are denoted by red solid circles, pink hollow circles, and blue saltires, respectively. c, d Photographs of the cascaded liquid crystal PB lenses under orthogonal polarizers and without polarizers, respectively. e–g Represent individual liquid crystal PB lenses for the designed wavelengths of 1064, 396.8, and 1550 nm, respectively, both red frame sizes are 6 mm × 6 mm.