Fig. 3: Splitting of equilibrium FQHE states under current bias.
a A color plot of Rxx at T = 25 mK vs. the current bias IDC (ordinate) and vs. the magnetic field B (abscissa). The color bar on the right indicates the magnitude of Rxx. b Dashed lines indicate the filling factor, ν = 5/3, 8/5, 11/7, 14/9, 16/11, 10/7, 7/5, 4/3, and 9/7. Colored solid lines have been overlaid on the color plot in (a) to indicate the evolution of the resistance minima with IDC. Color code for these lines: Red: 5/3 and 4/3 minima. Gold: 8/5 and 7/5 minima. Light Blue: 11/7 and 10/7 minima. Magenta: 14/9 and 16/11 minima. Violet: 9/7 minimum. c This plot shows just the solid line trajectories from plot (b), without the color plot. The green points mark equilibrium FQHE. Light-red points mark the intersections of lines originating at different equilibrium FQHE. Fractional filling values assigned to the red dots are given below this panel. The filling factors marked in red are the canonical FQHE filling factors: 4/3, 7/5, and 10/7. d Dark red points that mark intersections of lines in (c) are overlaid on the data color plot. Red dotted lines in (c) and white dashed lines in (d) mark the LL filling factor corresponding to the red points, which are indicated between panels (c) and (d). The experiment suggests non-equilibrium excited-state fractionally quantized Hall effects at these red points.
