Fig. 3: COMSOL Multiphysics® simulations.
From: Comprehensive model of MZI-based circuits for photonic computing applications

The results refer to the portion of the device indicated by the black rectangle in Fig. 1a. a 3D view of the simulated domain and heat map obtained when a voltage of 2 V is applied to the three electrodes; the straight lines indicate the upper and lower arms of MZI 1, 2, and 3. b Heat map in the transverse plane in the middle of the electrodes (y = 0), when 2 V are applied to the microheater of MZI 2. c Spatial distribution of the temperature variation when various voltages Vin,2 are applied to the microheater of MZI 2. The vertical black lines indicate the positions of the six waveguides. d Temperature in the waveguides vs. voltage applied to the microheater of MZI 2; the temperature variations of MZI 1 and MZI 3 are approximately the same.