Fig. 3: Spectral function and Λ^T measure.

a Semi-logarithmic plot of the small ω region of the spectral function f_el(E, ω) calculated via the second moments (red dashed line) of the matrix elements and the Gaussian fit method (blue diamonds) for a system with N = 3 plaquettes, \({j}_{\max }=4\) and ag² = 0.6. b Λ^T measure as a function of T for the total electric energy operator (filled red triangles), the plaquette operator (filled blue circles) and their sign randomized versions (empty orange triangles and empty green circles), averaged over 100 samples, in the energy window around E = 23.5 with width ΔE = 0.1 for a system with N = 3 plaquettes, \({j}_{\max }=4\) and ag² = 0.6. The Λ^T value for a GOE is 0.5 (dashed black line).