Fig. 2: Evaluation of the mesh reconstruction accuracy of MeshHeart, compared with three other methods; Action2Motion, ACTOR and CHeart.

a, Plots of the HD and ASSD metrics. The metrics are calculated as the mean across all time frames, as well as at the ED frame and the ES frame. They are reported for the LV, the Myo and the RV and averaged across the anatomical structures. Lower values indicate better performance. Each boxplot represents results over n = 4,000 UK Biobank participants from the held-out test set, treated as biological replicates. Each participant contributes one sample per method; no technical replicates were used. The unit of analysis is the individual participant. Box plots represent the distribution of the data as follows: the centre line indicates the median; box limits represent the 25th and 75th percentiles (interquartile range); whiskers extend to 1.5× the interquartile range from the box limits; and points beyond this range are plotted individually as outliers. b, Visualization of the reconstructed cardiac mesh sequence, coloured by the reconstruction error (in red) between the input mesh and reconstructed mesh. The mesh is visualized in three different imaging planes.