Table 3 2019 power-law scaling exponents for MSA employment by educational attainment level vs. MSA size, with mean annual wages (in thousands of $).

From: Urbanization favors high wage earners

Educational attainment level

Beta

Wages

Professional degreea

1.260

169.8

PhD

1.196

128.6

Master’s degree

1.191

101.7

Bachelor’s degree

1.150

82.7

Some college or associate degree

0.984

52.7

High school or less

0.969

42.1

  1. aProfessional degrees include doctorates other than PhDs, such as law degrees (J.D., L.L.B.) and medical/dental degrees (M.D., D.D.S.), and certain master’s degrees such as architecture (M. Arch).
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