Fig. 3: Soundscape semantic space models.

a Soundscape semantic space of China: Loadings of the 108 Chinese soundscape affective descriptors (SADs) in components 1 and 2. The figure is divided into three zones according to the length of the component loading vectors of the 108 Chinese SADs (Va: the distance to the origin), Zone 1 (light red square); Zone 2 (red square); and Zone 2 (dark red square); where Va2 represents the variance of each attribute that the corresponding components; b The soundscape semantic spaces of Europe19 and China depict the loadings of 116 English soundscape affective descriptors (SADs) and 108 Chinese SADs across components 1 and 2. Green circles represent the English SADs, while red squares denote the Chinese SADs; c Soundscape semantic space of the sub-datasets: Displays the loadings of the 16 clustering descriptors in components 1 and 2.