Fig. 8
From: Urbanization’s dual role in the exacerbation and mitigation of drought dynamics in China
Schematic representation of urbanization’s dual role in exacerbation and mitigation of drought (ED and MD) dynamics. The figure illustrates the dual role of urbanization in exacerbating and mitigating drought dynamics (ED and MD) using SPEI data from 700 stations across China from 1951–2020. The flowchart in the lower section outlines the characterization of drought (DC) events based on their duration (DD), severity (DS), intensity (DI), and peak (DP). It also depicts the calculation of drought characteristics (ΔDC) changes between two periods (pre-1985 and post-1985). Subsequently, urban effects (UE) on ΔDC were analyzed to identify changes in drought characteristics for urban-rural paired stations. Notes: Tair Air temperature, LP Light precipitation, HP Heavy precipitation, RH Relative humidity, PET Potential evapotranspiration, AET Actual evapotranspiration, VPD: Vapor pressure deficit, H Sensible heat flux, LE Latent heat flux, UHI Urban heat island. Note: The visual elements of the figure were created using vector assets from Vectorpocket (Freepik.com) and ArcGIS 10.8, while additional components were designed using Microsoft PowerPoint.
