Extended Data Fig. 5: Ammonia emissions from the food system (a), and manure N surplus due to uneven distribution of crop–livestock production when considering the bioavailability of manure N as criterion for estimating the N surplus in 1990, 2012 and for different scenarios in 2050.

Note: Definition of scenarios see Extended Data Fig. 1. The bioavailability of different organic resources under improved management see Jin et al., 2020.