Table 1 Plasma concentration differences of chemicals according to aMED, aHEI and DASH scores among the NICHD Fetal Growth Study–Singletons cohort

From: Healthy dietary patterns are associated with exposure to environmental chemicals in a pregnancy cohort

 

aMED

aHEI

DASH

Chemical

Low aMED

High aMED

Adjusted P value

Low aHEI

High aHEI

Adjusted P value

Low DASH

High DASH

Adjusted P value

BetaHCH

0.74 (2.36)

1.21 (4.57)

**

0.59 (1.94)

1.51 (5.77)

***

0.89 (3.08)

1.28 (4.64)

 

HCB

5.56 (9.68)

6.59 (7.42)

*

6.1 (9.64)

6.48 (7.53)

*

6.2 (9.18)

6.56 (6.67)

 

TransNo_chlor

3.98 (4.44)

4.56 (5.46)

*

4.18 (4.85)

4.47 (5.16)

 

4.26 (4.92)

4.54 (4.97)

 

P_P_DDE

66.59 (86.63)

83.22 (123.08)

***

63.59 (82.78)

88.78 (135.1)

***

71.71 (103.49)

85.4 (122.59)

*

P_P_DDD

0.31 (0.14)

0.32 (0.29)

*

0.32 (0.14)

0.32 (0.31)

 

0.32 (0.24)

0.32 (0.22)

 

P_P_DDT

0.89 (1.8)

1.37 (2.64)

***

0.83 (1.59)

1.51 (3.05)

***

1.02 (2.18)

1.46 (2.61)

*

Mirex

0.32 (0.32)

0.33 (0.57)

 

0.32 (0.23)

0.34 (0.7)

***

0.32 (0.38)

0.33 (0.62)

 

Total OCPs

90.92 (109.14)

109.92 (139.99)

***

87.41 (100.86)

118.54 (155.67)

***

98.55 (121.66)

110.06 (142.71)

*

BDE47

9.65 (14.3)

8.2 (13.28)

*

9.78 (14.46)

7.6 (12.34)

***

9.27 (14.56)

7.48 (11.12)

***

BDE100

2.86 (4.21)

2.3 (4.15)

**

2.84 (3.98)

2.12 (4.19)

***

2.72 (4.29)

2.02 (3.8)

***

BDE99

2.47 (4.89)

2.1 (4.37)

 

2.55 (5.2)

1.98 (4.33)

*

2.42 (5.12)

1.83 (3.59)

**

BDE183

0.31 (0.1)

0.3 (0.07)

*

0.31 (0.09)

0.3 (0.08)

*

0.31 (0.09)

0.3 (0.07)

*

Total PBDEs

26.68 (34.86)

21.53 (31.2)

***

25.71 (34.19)

21.19 (31.09)

***

25.34 (35.18)

18.53 (29.22)

***

PCB74_61

0.93 (1.08)

1.14 (1.33)

***

0.9 (0.94)

1.23 (1.48)

***

1.01 (1.14)

1.19 (1.35)

*

PCB66_80

0.61 (0.18)

0.63 (0.2)

 

0.61 (0.16)

0.63 (0.22)

*

0.62 (0.19)

0.62 (0.2)

 

PCB99

0.91 (1.08)

1.12 (1.4)

***

0.92 (1.05)

1.15 (1.5)

***

1.06 (1.19)

1.07 (1.33)

 

PCB118_106

1.6 (2.04)

2.05 (2.38)

***

1.58 (1.99)

2.13 (2.55)

***

1.84 (2.26)

2 (2.46)

 

PCB105_127

0.65 (0.31)

0.69 (0.57)

***

0.65 (0.31)

0.71 (0.65)

***

0.67 (0.41)

0.69 (0.56)

 

PCB146_161

0.63 (0.25)

0.69 (0.66)

***

0.64 (0.26)

0.72 (0.77)

***

0.66 (0.48)

0.68 (0.64)

 

PCB153

4.43 (5.03)

6.09 (7.59)

***

4.43 (4.97)

6.63 (8.26)

***

5.15 (6.24)

6.1 (7.79)

***

PCB138_158

3.76 (4.15)

4.91 (6.06)

***

3.78 (4.07)

5.33 (6.19)

***

4.19 (4.85)

5.14 (6.22)

***

PCB156

0.63 (0.23)

0.67 (0.53)

***

0.64 (0.23)

0.68 (0.63)

***

0.65 (0.32)

0.69 (0.65)

**

PCB182_187

0.92 (1.21)

1.35 (1.82)

***

0.92 (1.15)

1.44 (1.95)

***

1.12 (1.54)

1.31 (1.78)

**

PCB183

0.61 (0.17)

0.65 (0.3)

***

0.62 (0.18)

0.65 (0.33)

***

0.63 (0.22)

0.64 (0.28)

 

PCB177

0.6 (0.14)

0.61 (0.15)

*

0.6 (0.14)

0.6 (0.16)

 

0.61 (0.15)

0.6 (0.15)

 

PCB180

2.54 (3)

3.69 (4.3)

***

2.43 (2.75)

4.02 (4.51)

***

2.87 (3.44)

3.99 (4.32)

***

PCB170

1.07 (1.1)

1.47 (1.68)

***

0.99 (1.07)

1.59 (1.79)

***

1.17 (1.33)

1.56 (1.77)

***

PCB199

0.64 (0.32)

0.71 (0.68)

***

0.65 (0.29)

0.73 (0.8)

***

0.67 (0.44)

0.71 (0.67)

 

PCB196_203

0.67 (0.41)

0.76 (0.75)

***

0.67 (0.42)

0.78 (0.83)

***

0.69 (0.54)

0.77 (0.79)

*

PCB194

0.64 (0.26)

0.71 (0.58)

***

0.64 (0.25)

0.74 (0.64)

***

0.66 (0.36)

0.75 (0.63)

***

PCB206

0.6 (0.16)

0.62 (0.2)

***

0.61 (0.16)

0.62 (0.2)

*

0.61 (0.16)

0.62 (0.21)

 

PCB209

0.59 (0.14)

0.61 (0.14)

*

0.6 (0.14)

0.6 (0.15)

 

0.6 (0.14)

0.59 (0.14)

 

Total PCBs

21.21 (30.1)

29.96 (40.2)

***

20.86 (29.59)

32.9 (42.13)

***

25.33 (35.73)

29.95 (39)

**

NMeFOSAA

0.06 (0.09)

0.05 (0.08)

**

0.06 (0.1)

0.04 (0.08)

***

0.06 (0.09)

0.04 (0.08)

***

PFDS

0.04 (0)

0.04 (0)

 

0.04 (0)

0.04 (0)

**

0.04 (0)

0.04 (0)

 

PFDoDA

0.02 (0.02)

0.03 (0.04)

***

0.02 (0.02)

0.03 (0.04)

***

0.02 (0.03)

0.02 (0.03)

 

PFOS

4.48 (3.67)

4.84 (4.19)

*

4.69 (3.61)

4.81 (4.4)

 

4.8 (3.89)

4.66 (4.26)

 

PFOA

1.73 (1.42)

1.81 (1.4)

*

1.72 (1.26)

1.89 (1.49)

***

1.73 (1.3)

1.92 (1.6)

***

PFNA

0.71 (0.52)

0.78 (0.63)

**

0.7 (0.49)

0.82 (0.64)

***

0.73 (0.57)

0.77 (0.58)

 

PFDA

0.2 (0.19)

0.24 (0.27)

***

0.2 (0.19)

0.25 (0.29)

***

0.22 (0.23)

0.24 (0.25)

 

PFUnDA

0.13 (0.16)

0.2 (0.28)

***

0.13 (0.17)

0.22 (0.32)

***

0.16 (0.24)

0.18 (0.22)

 

Total PFASs

8.8 (6.66)

9.37 (6.92)

*

8.86 (5.63)

9.55 (7.69)

**

9.19 (6.33)

9.07 (7.37)

 

As

0.49 (0)

0.49 (0)

***

0.49 (0)

0.49 (0)

***

0.49 (0)

0.49 (0)

 

Cs

0.34 (0.18)

0.39 (0.19)

***

0.33 (0.16)

0.42 (0.2)

***

0.35 (0.19)

0.42 (0.19)

***

Cu

1,895 (463)

1,875 (464)

 

1,903 (454)

1,855 (460)

*

1,894 (475)

1,848 (453)

 

Hg

0.19 (0.17)

0.19 (0.26)

***

0.19 (0.14)

0.29 (0.33)

***

0.19 (0.22)

0.19 (0.26)

 

Mo

1.74 (1.18)

2.01 (1.3)

***

1.77 (1.16)

2.02 (1.28)

***

1.84 (1.21)

2.04 (1.28)

**

Tl

0.02 (0.01)

0.02 (0.02)

*

0.02 (0.01)

0.03 (0.02)

*

0.02 (0.01)

0.02 (0.02)

 

Zn

817 (201)

776 (182)

***

813 (191)

775 (184)

***

810 (191)

753 (176)

***

Total metals

2,827 (533)

2,784 (523)

*

2,823 (512)

2,773 (545)

*

2,821 (520)

2,739 (539)

***

  1. Significant chemicals are presented, while the complete table can be found in Supplementary Table 3. Group differences of chemicals (high versus low, dichotomized by the median of each dietary pattern score) were examined by a non-parametric test. To account for multiple comparisons, Benjamini–Hochberg (BH)-adjusted and two-sided P values were calculated. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Chemicals (ng g−1 lipid, except for PFASs and metals, ng ml−1) were standardized by total lipids.
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