Fig. 1: Trends over time in physical retail food environment indicators (2009–2023) overall and by region and country income group. | Nature Food

Fig. 1: Trends over time in physical retail food environment indicators (2009–2023) overall and by region and country income group.

From: Global food retail environments are increasingly dominated by large chains and linked to the rising prevalence of obesity

Fig. 1

a–f, Mean estimates of the physical retail food environment indicators: density of chain outlets (a), density of non-chain outlets (b), ratio of non-chain to chain outlets (c), percentage of sales from chain outlets (d), unhealthy food sales (per capita) (e) and percentage of unhealthy food sales from chain outlets (f); n = 97 countries. The lines show how each indicator changes over time. Original units and descriptions of each calculated indicator are reported in Supplementary Table 3.

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