Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Perspective
  • Published:

Asset stranding could open new pathways to food systems transformation

Abstract

As the necessity of transitioning to food systems that are healthy and environmentally sustainable grows increasingly urgent, food systems seem to be locked into delivering negative outcomes. One driver of this lock-in is that some of the changes from transitioning food systems would result in asset stranding for firms and financial institutions. In this Perspective we provide examples of where asset stranding can occur in food systems and offer solutions for navigating the political economy of these stranded assets. By proactively attending to the stranded assets problem, it may be possible to break out of financial lock-in in food systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Framework of the connections between assets, their owners and the drivers of change.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Conti, C., Zanello, G. & Hall, A. Why are agri-food systems resistant to new directions of change? A systematic review. Glob. Food Secur. 31, 100576 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Seto, K. C. et al. Carbon lock-in: types, causes, and policy implications. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 41, 425–452 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Caldecott, B., Howarth, N. & McSharry, P. Stranded Assets in Agriculture: Protecting Value from Environment-Related Risks (University of Oxford, 2013); https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4496ac03-5132-4a64-aa54-7695bfc7be9d

  4. Semieniuk, G. et al. Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies. Nat. Clim. Change 12, 532–538 (2022).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Daumas, L. Financial stability, stranded assets and the low-carbon transition – a critical review of the theoretical and applied literatures. J. Econ. Surv. 38, 601–716 (2024).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Blesh, J. et al. Against the odds: network and institutional pathways enabling agricultural diversification. One Earth 6, 479–491 (2023).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Whitton, J. & Carmichael, A. Systemic barriers preventing farmer engagement in the agricultural climate transition: a qualitative study. Sustain. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01504-7 (2024).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mehrabi, Z., Gill, M., Wijk, M., van, Herrero, M. & Ramankutty, N. Livestock policy for sustainable development. Nat. Food 1, 160–165 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Herzon, I. et al. Both downsizing and improvements to livestock systems are needed to stay within planetary boundaries. Nat. Food 5, 642–645 (2024).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hansen, T. A. Stranded assets and reduced profits: analyzing the economic underpinnings of the fossil fuel industry’s resistance to climate stabilization. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 158, 112144 (2022).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Caldecott, B., Clark, A., Koskelo, K., Mulholland, E. & Hickey, C. Stranded assets: environmental drivers, societal challenges, and supervisory responses. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 46, 417–447 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Schumpeter, J. A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Harper & Brothers, 1942).

  13. Vallone, S. & Lambin, E. F. Public policies and vested interests preserve the animal farming status quo at the expense of animal product analogs. One Earth 6, 1213–1226 (2023).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Morris, V. & Jacquet, J. The animal agriculture industry, US universities, and the obstruction of climate understanding and policy. Climatic Change 177, 41 (2024).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sievert, K., Lawrence, M., Parker, C. & Baker, P. Understanding the political challenge of red and processed meat reduction for healthy and sustainable food systems: a narrative review of the literature. Int. J. Health Policy Manag. 10, 793–808 (2021).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Savage, S., Fray, K., Hancock, A. & Pooler, M. The global power of Big Agriculture’s lobbying. Financial Times (22 August 2024).

  17. Bertram, C. et al. Carbon lock-in through capital stock inertia associated with weak near-term climate policies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 90, 62–72 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Sovacool, B. K. & Scarpaci, J. Energy justice and the contested petroleum politics of stranded assets: policy insights from the Yasuní-ITT Initiative in Ecuador. Energy Policy 95, 158–171 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Vogt-Schilb, A. & Hallegatte, S. Climate policies and nationally determined contributions: reconciling the needed ambition with the political economy. WIREs Energy Environ. 6, e256 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Walton, S., Hawkes, C. & Fanzo, J. Searching for the essential: exploring practitioners’ views on actions for re-orienting food systems towards healthy diets. Glob. Food Secur. 37, 100687 (2023).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Caleffi, S., Hawkes, C. & Walton, S. 45 Actions to Orient Food Systems towards Environmental Sustainability: Co-Benefits and Trade-Offs (City University of London, 2023).

  22. Jones, S. K. et al. Agrobiodiversity Index scores show agrobiodiversity is underutilized in national food systems. Nat. Food 2, 712–723 (2021).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Pingali, P. in Agricultural Development in Asia and Africa: Essays in Honor of Keijiro Otsuka (eds Estudillo, J. P. et al.) 21–32 (Springer Nature, 2023).

  24. Walton, S. Transforming the food system in ‘unprotected space’: the case of diverse grain networks in England. Agric. Hum. Values https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-023-10535-2 (2024).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Magrini, M.-B., Béfort, N. & Nieddu, M. in Agroecosystem Diversity (eds Lemaire, G. et al.) 375–388 (Academic, 2019).

  26. Stone, T. F. et al. Food system strategies to increase grain legume-cereal intercropping in Europe. Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 49, 518–542 (2024).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wood, B. et al. What is the purpose of ultra-processed food? An exploratory analysis of the financialisation of ultra-processed food corporations and implications for public health. Glob. Health 19, 85 (2023).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Money, A. & Johnes, M. Corporate Venturing in Alternative Proteins: A Database of Transactions (Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment & University of Oxford, 2023).

  29. Monteiro, C. A. Nutrition and health. The issue is not food, nor nutrients, so much as processing. Publ. Health Nutr. 12, 729–731 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Gilmore, A. B. et al. Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health. Lancet 401, 1194–1213 (2023).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Fooks, G. J., Williams, S., Box, G. & Sacks, G. Corporations’ use and misuse of evidence to influence health policy: a case study of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. Glob. Health 15, 56 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Food & Beverage Sector Guidance (TPT, 2024); https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/knowledge-hub/resources/tpt/food-beverage-sector-guidance-apr-2024.pdf

  33. Frontini, P. Brazil’s Marfrig sells abattoirs to Minerva in $1.5 bln deal. Reuters (29 August 2023).

  34. Mielnik, S. & Richardson, J. Marfrig to Minerva Asset Sale: Decoding the Wood from the Trees (Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute, 2023); https://anthropocenefii.org/nature-loss/marfrig-to-minerva-asset-sale-decoding-the-wood-from-the-trees

  35. A Rotten Business: How Barclays Became the Go-to Bank for JBS, One of the World’s Most Destructive Meat Corporations (Feedback, Mighty Earth & BankTrack, 2023); https://mightyearth.org/wp-content/uploads/Feedback-JBS-Apr23-Proof05.pdf

  36. Bull in the Climate Shop: Industrial Livestock Financing Sabotages Major U.S. Banks’ Climate Commitments (Friends of the Earth, 2024); https://foe.org/resources/bull-in-the-climate-shop/

  37. Bhat, S., Mann, W. & Murray, A. Financing Mechanisms to Accelerate Managed Coal Power Phaseout (RMI, 2023); https://rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2023/01/financing_mechanisms_accelerate_managed_coal_power_phaseout.pdf

  38. Holzman, L. & Kekki, E. Managed Coal Phaseout: Metrics and Targets for Financial Institutions (RMI, 2023); https://rmi.org/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2023/01/managed_coal_phaseout_metrics_and_targets_financial_institutions.pdf

  39. The Managed Phaseout of High-Emitting Assets (GFANZ, 2022); https://assets.bbhub.io/company/sites/63/2022/06/GFANZ_-Managed-Phaseout-of-High-emitting-Assets_June2022.pdf

  40. Financing the Managed Phaseout of Coal Fired Power Plants in Asia Pacific (GFANZ, 2023); https://assets.bbhub.io/company/sites/63/2023/05/gfanz_consultation_managed-phaseout-of-coal-in-Asia-Pacific.pdf

  41. Ausserladscheider, V. Towards a sociology of stranded assets. J. Cult. Econ. 17, 141–146 (2024).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Chaudhary, N. From Stranded Assets to Assets-at-Risk: Reframing the Narrative for European Private Financial Institutions (I4CE, 2024); https://www.i4ce.org/en/publication/stranded-assets-assets-risk-reframing-narrative-european-private-financial-institutions-climate/

  43. Ambikapathi, R. et al. Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity. Nat. Food 3, 764–779 (2022).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Leonard, C. The Meat Racket: The Secret Takeover of America’s Food Business (Simon and Schuster, 2014).

  45. Trebilcock, M. J. Dealing with Losers: The Political Economy of Policy Transitions (Oxford Univ. Press, 2015).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Pell, D. et al. Support for, and perceived effectiveness of, the UK soft drinks industry levy among UK adults: cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study. BMJ Open 9, e026698 (2019).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Pedroza-Tobias, A., Crosbie, E., Mialon, M., Carriedo, A. & Schmidt, L. A. Food and beverage industry interference in science and policy: efforts to block soda tax implementation in Mexico and prevent international diffusion. BMJ Glob. Health 6, e005662 (2021).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Ruggeri Laderchi, C. et al. The Economics of the Food System Transformation (Food Systems Economics Commission, 2024).

  49. Future Fit Food and Agriculture: The Financial Implications of Mitigating Agriculture and Land Use Change Emissions for Businesses (FOLU, 2024); https://www.foodandlandusecoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/FOLU-Future-Fit-paper-2_compressed.pdf

  50. Meat, Beef & Poultry Processing in the US - Market Research Report (2015-2030) (IBISWorld 2025); https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/industry/meat-beef-poultry-processing/251/#Companies

  51. Annual Report 2023/24 (Danish Crown, 2024); https://www.danishcrown.com/media/2ejp1jhv/2023-2024-annual-report-en.pdf

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

S.W., J.F. and Z.M. conceptualized the Perspective. S.W. wrote the original draft. Z.M., J.F. and B.C. provided feedback and edits. All authors contributed to revising the final version of the Perspective.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephanie Walton.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Peer review

Peer review information

Nature Food thanks Hongbo Duan and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Walton, S., Mehrabi, Z., Fanzo, J. et al. Asset stranding could open new pathways to food systems transformation. Nat Food 6, 440–445 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01170-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01170-7

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing