Fig. 1: Centennial evolution of N surplus in Europe. | Nature Food

Fig. 1: Centennial evolution of N surplus in Europe.

From: Scenario analysis of nitrogen surplus typologies in Europe shows that a 20% fertilizer reduction may fall short of 2030 EU Green Deal goals

Fig. 1

a, Annual evolution of N surplus (kgN ha−1 yr−1) at the EU-27 level depicting the early development phase (pre-1980s) and the sustainable intensification phase (post-1980s). The grey ribbon shows the uncertainty range (minimum and maximum values) derived based on the 16 N surplus estimates (Methods), while the average value is represented by the red line. b, Mean of 16 N surplus and its underlying components (TgN yr−1) at the EU-27 level aggregated during the early development phase (1940–1985, in yellow) and the sustainable intensification phase (1986–2019, in purple). The values (in %) in the brackets show the share of the individual N components in the total N inputs. Basemap data in b from ref. 18. Credit: images in b, Pixabay.com.

Source data

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