Extended Data Fig. 1: Temporal dynamics of key variables influencing rice yield in the DPRK and ROK.
a, Rice yield in the DPRK and ROK since 1995, with coefficient of variation (CV) values for the both countries. b–e, Comparisons of irrigation capacity, including cropland equipped for irrigation, total dam capacity, water use efficiency of irrigation agriculture (WUE), and water consumption coefficient. Agricultural irrigation WUE represents the Gross Value Added per unit of water used (expressed in dollars/m3) of the agricultural irrigation sector. f, Changes in electricity generation in the DPRK and ROK since 1980. g, Changes in coal production in the DPRK and ROK since 1980. h–i, Comparisons of energy imports, including crude oil and coal, in the DPRK and ROK since 1980. Gray vertical dashed lines in b–i correspondingly indicate the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991) and the onset of sanctions on the DPRK due to its nuclear program (2006).
