Fig. 3: Multiplex MSD assay with a selected panel of 33 cytokines and chemokines in the main study cohort.

a, Heatmap of log2(fold change) of the serum cytokines and chemokines per patient in the multiplex MSD assay at the baseline (TP0) and at the irAE onset (in patients with irAEs) or at the second to fifth infusion (in patients without irAEs) (TP1) in the main study cohort (n = 73 patients). b, Volcano plot with the differential expressed proteins at TP0 and TP1 in patients with and without irAEs in the multiplex MSD assay in the main study cohort (n = 73 patients). Significant difference was determined by a two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test, and P values were adjusted by the Benjamini–Hochberg method. c, Heatmap of log2(fold change) of the serum cytokines and chemokines per patient in the multiplex MSD assay at TP0 and TP1 in the external validation cohort (n = 81 patients). d, Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the five cytokine and chemokine panels that were significantly differentially expressed in the main study cohort (n = 73 patients) for the association with the irAE onset in the external validation cohort (n = 81 patients). AUC, area under the curve.