Extended Data Fig. 9: Schematic diagram of the study.

After adoptive T cell transfer, antigen-positive tumor cells lost their primary antigens. Adoptively transferred Tc9 cells not only killed antigen-expressing primary tumors but also secreted high levels of IL-24, which recruited dendritic cells (DCs), particularly cDC2, to the tumor microenvironment. cDC2 then migrated to tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) in a CCR7-dependent manner, where they activated host Th1-like effector CD4+ T cells. These activated CD4+ T cells subsequently infiltrated tumors and contributed to controlling ALV tumor growth.