Fig. 2: Morphology, composition, and crystal structure of nanowires with varying CZn.
From: Face-selective tungstate ions drive zinc oxide nanowire growth direction and dopant incorporation

Zn concentration dependences on a length and b diameter of ZnO nanowires grown with various CW. c Critical Zn concentration for nucleation on (0001) plane and \(\left( {10\bar 10} \right)\) plane as a function of CW. d W 4f XPS spectra and e W concentration of ZnO nanowires when varying CZn. f XRD patterns and g d value of ZnO nanowires when varying CZn.