Table 2 Calculated adsorption energy of WO42− ion on ZnO \(({10\bar 10} )\) plane, (0001) plane, and \(( {10\bar 11} )\) plane in vacuum and water conditions.

From: Face-selective tungstate ions drive zinc oxide nanowire growth direction and dopant incorporation

Crystal planes

\(( {10\bar 10} )\)

Zn-terminated (0001)

Zn-terminated \(({10\bar 11} )\)

O-terminated (0001), \(( {10\bar 11})\)

Adsorption energy (kcal/mol) in vacuum

36.6

121.3

73.1

Not adsorbed

Adsorption energy (kcal/mol) in water

13.9

20.4

−29.8