Table 1 Relationship between the water and Na-ion behavior from the viewpoint of peak broadening.

From: Molecular mechanisms of cell cryopreservation with polyampholytes studied by solid-state NMR

 

Temperature at which two components appear in the 23Na NMR spectrum/°C

(from Figs. 3f, 4c, and S3–S5)

Temperature at which severe broadening of the H2O signal begins in the 1H NMR spectrum/°C

(from Figs. 2g and 4b)

Slope/Hz・°C−1 (average from −35 to −41 °C)

(from Figs. 2g and 4b)

Physical meaning

Symmetry breaking in the electric field around the Na ions

Matrix begins to form

Rate of increase in viscosity for vitrification

Saline solution

No

No

No

7.5% PLL-(0.65) 600 mOsm

−7

−21

305.6

10% DMSO

No

No

0.65

7.5% PEG

−13

<−41

9.6

7.5% BSA

−5

<−37

23.5

7.5% PLL-(0.65) 1000 mOsm

−17

−29

205.4

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