Fig. 4: Identification of singlet oxygen species and mechanism of disinfection mechanism.

The EPR spectra of singlet oxygen species of CN and CNK450 a in the dark and b in the light. c Survival rate of E. coli. treated with samples in the light. d SEM images of E. coli. treated with CN and CNK450 samples under visible light. e TEM images of E. coli. treated with CN and CNK450 samples under visible light. (The yellow arrows indicate the deformed and wrinkled cell wall). f Confocal fluorescent images of live and dead E. coli. control and treated with CN and CNK450 samples.