Fig. 2: Nucleation and growth diagram of large-area perovskite thin films prepared by blade/slot-die coating methods.
From: Manipulating the crystallization kinetics of halide perovskites for large-area solar modules
The key factors affecting the nucleation are temperature, concentration and interface energy, and the key factor affecting the growth is the rate change of the solution supersaturation concentration with time. Fast nucleation and slow crystallization are essential to improve large-area perovskite films’ compactness, uniformity, and crystal quality.
