Fig. 4: Fast nucleation by concentration engineering.
From: Manipulating the crystallization kinetics of halide perovskites for large-area solar modules
a The GASP combined with blade-coating to prepare a mini-module. Reprinted with permission from ref. 32, copyright 2021 Springer Nature. b is the experimental process diagram and photograph of the mini-module prepared by the blade-coating method combined with VASP. Reprinted with permission from ref. 87, copyright 2023 Elsevier. c By using ACN/2-ME to regulate the coordination and volatilization rate of the solvent for high-speed, room-temperature blading of perovskite photovoltaic films. Reprinted with permission from ref. 17, copyright 2019 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
