Fig. 3: Transport of charge carriers in devices.
From: Self-deposited passivation for decreasing scalable processing loss of perovskite solar cells
a–d Cross-section AFM images of the devices with different FPP. e–h The potential difference and the average electric field intensity were obtained from the cross-section KPFM images. i, j UPS spectra of the secondary electron cutoff region of the control top, control bottom, target top, and target-bottom surface. Energy level diagrams of the (k) control and (l) target devices.
