Fig. 3: Mandibular kinematics during incisal clenching.

a The sampling points along the mandible. b The mediolateral (U_X), anteroposterior (U_Y), craniocaudal (U_Z), and magnitude displacements of the mandible during incisal clenching for different cartilage designs (hard, FGM[90–0], FGM [90–10], FGM [90–20]).