Fig. 1: Preparation of printable graphene inks with polypropylene carbonate (PPC).

a, b Illustrations of liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphene from graphite using PPC as a dispersant aid. c Photograph of graphene/PPC isolated as a powder from the liquid medium after LPE. d Photograph of a graphene ink formulated by redispersing the graphene/PPC powder. e Photograph of graphene micro-supercapacitor (MSC) electrodes deposited on paper with the graphene ink by aerosol jet printing.