Fig. 1: Polarization states in ferroelectric nanorods.
From: Topological states in ferroelectric nanorods tuned by the surface tension
a Uniform c-phase. Polarization P (blue arrows) is oriented along the nanorod’s axis, which coincides with the crystal c-axis. The axes orientation is shown to the side of the nanorod. The surface-bound charges shown by red symbols “+” and “−” emerge at the rod edges where P abruptly terminates. b Uniform a-/aa- phases in which P is oriented perpendicular to the nanorod’s axis. Bound charges emerging at the lateral surface induce the depolarization electric field, E, shown by the red arrows. c Charge-neutral vortex phase.
