Fig. 6: Account for flexoelectric effects in phase-field modeling.
From: Topological states in ferroelectric nanorods tuned by the surface tension

Radial distribution of polarization magnitude P (a) and radial strain tensor component urr (b) along x-axis in a polar vortex phase in the nanorod with R = 8 nm and T = 533 K. Dashed lines in both panels present the phase-field results without flexoelectric terms while solid lines correspond to distributions obtained with an account of flexoelectricity.