Fig. 1: Three different types of tungsten gas arc melting and observation of molten pool flow. | Communications Materials

Fig. 1: Three different types of tungsten gas arc melting and observation of molten pool flow.

From: Metal flow mechanisms during alternating current arc welding and additive manufacturing of aluminium alloy

Fig. 1

a Schematic illustrating the structure formed when tungsten is used as the electrode material to create an arc for melting aluminium alloy. Under the thermal and force effect of the arc, the metal undergoes melting and deformation, which can be categorized into three main forms. b The observation angle of the high-speed camera and the flow velocity under EP and EN polarities during the TIG arc melting of aluminium alloy. The camera observation path is perpendicular to the melting direction. c Plasma arc melting process with a blind keyhole. The camera observes facing the melting direction. d Plasma arc melting process with a keyhole. Error bars represent one standard deviation (SD) from the mean. TIG-arc tungsten inert gas arc, SPA soft plasma arc, KPA keyhole plasma arc.

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