Fig. 4: Surface roughness analysis for the printing parameters hatching (H) and slicing (S).

By simulating the total exposure dose, the respective theoretical surface area (A) could be calculated. a-c simulated carrier particles with different hatching and slicing parameters. d–f scanning-electron micrographs of single carrier particles after blending with 2% (w/w) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and labelled as d smooth Pharmacone, e medium Pharmacone, and f rough Pharmacone.