Table 2 Selection of key global environmental parameter values spanning the Holocene-Anthropocene transition.

Human Population (millions)

1643

2499

6076

7349

 No. of megacities (>10 M)

0

2

39

45

Human Energy Consumption (EJ/y)

41

100

377

514

 Fossil Fuel Consumption (TWh)

5973

20,139

94,462

132,891

 CO₂ emissions (Gt/y)

2

5.8

25

35

 Atmospheric CO₂ (ppm)

296

311

369

404

 Atmospheric N₂O (ppb)

280

289

316

328.5

 Atmospheric CH₄ (ppb)

890

1162

1774

1835

 Sea level (mm)

−152

−87

0.0

49

 Land-Ocean Temperature Index

−0.19

−0.08

0.39

0.83

GDP (billions 1990 Intl $/y)

1116

4656

38,267

73,902

 Number of motor vehicles (M)

0.01

8

450

1200

 Number of 15 m+ Dams (thousands)

1.6

7

47

50

 Global Freshwater use (km³)

671

1230

3790

4000

 Global Shrimp Farming (Mt/y)

0

0.01

1.0

3.5

 Plastic Production (Mt/y)

0

2

213

381

 Cement Production (Mt/y)

5

130

1600

4180

 Ammonia (NH₃) production (Mt/y)

0

2

126

175

 Aluminum Production (Mt/y)

0

2

24

58

 Copper Production (Mt/y)

0.5

2.4

13

19

 Mineral Species (thousands)

5.3

8.3

85

170

 Iron & Steel Production (Mt/y)

35

134

573

1160

 Sulfur Production (Mt/y)

1

11

59

69

 Salt Production (Mt/y)

12

48

195

271

 Gypsum Production (Mt/y)

1

23

108

260

 Helium Production (kt/y)

0.0

0.4

20

26