Fig. 2: Observed ISW thermal structures and instabilities.

Isothermal contour plots of a ISW #4, b ISW #7, c ISW #8, and d ISW #11 measured by mooring T1. The black contour line interval in a–d is 0.5 °C. The cyan contour lines in b range from 26.7 °C to 27.3 °C with an interval of 0.1 °C. The magenta contour line is the 18 °C isotherm. The red dots in a are the locations of the temperature sensors. The time axis is relative to the arrival time of the ISWs (see “Methods” for details). The undulation of the upper boundary of the contoured region is because the thermistor chain was bent over by the wave-induced current drag.