Fig. 2: 25 most frequently occurring four-word collocations in actors’ climate documents shows words that commonly occur together.

These skip or n-grams provide more context surrounding an actor’s climate actions than single word probabilities since they provide more context for how an actor is referring to a particular word. For example, companies (b) tend to emphasize estimating annual CO2 emissions savings the most frequently, while cities (a) tend to emphasize public participation and stakeholder engagement. Countries (c) refer to international institutions and processes, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Intended Nationally Determined Contributions. Regions (d) mention increasing resiliency as a common strategy.