Fig. 5: Variation of δ15N and δ18O of NO3− in rivers and groundwater by climate.

A: Tropical/Equatorial, B: Arid, C: Temperate, D: Cold. Symbol size expresses the NO3-N concentration (mg L−1). Tropical climates had the highest δ15N and δ18O values for nitrate in rivers. Error bars show average (gray line), median (light to dark gray division), 1st and 3rd quartile, and whiskers extend to 1.5 interquartile range.